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Replacement level is something of a slippery concept. Of course, once you’ve gotten a grasp of its meaning and import, it’s not hard to hold on; I suspect that most people reading this article would defend the utility of replacement level to the death, at least until things got violent. Still, one suspects that holdouts might cotton to the concept more quickly if it employed a familiar baseline; the rather abstract nature of the term “replacement level” has been known to provoke a few scoffs from the anti-intellectual set.

Of course, given the elusive nature of “average” in baseball, replacement level better suits the sport for evaluative purposes. As Joe Posnanski wrote recently, “You could pick a really HIGH baseline—you could make your stat read Wins Below Willie Mays (WBWM) or Value Under Albert Pujols (VUAB). But that wouldn’t be much fun to do and would probably tell us more about Willie Mays and Albert Pujols than the players themselves.”

Still, putting a face and a name to the somewhat amorphous idea of the replacement player might be instructive as well as amusing. Perhaps personifying replacement level would make it more palatable to late adopters; it could be that the concept is simply waiting for its Mario Mendoza to come along and offer up his name for a chance at ignoble fame (though Mendoza himself fell too far below replacement to fit this bill). However, players who embody replacement level are out there; as Posnanski suggested, “The stat could easily be WAM—Wins Above McEwing.”

Poz was referring, of course, to “Super” Joe McEwing, who accumulated 1,963 plate appearances over the course of nine major-league seasons, and according to Sean Smith’s implementation of WAR at Baseball Reference, accumulated exactly 0.0 wins above replacement for his trouble (WARP gives him credit for -0.4, while FanGraphs thinks more highly of his efforts, crediting him with a whopping 2.7 WAR). McEwing certainly matches the description, but can we do any better?

There’s a case to be made that the prototypical replacement player shouldn’t have actually spent much time, well, playing. Plenty of replacement players quite literally serve as replacements, called up, traded for, or granted more a prominent roles in the wake of an injury to a more capable athlete. When the incumbent returns, the replacement player crawls back to whichever minor-league park he labored in before being granted his moment in the sun, and rarely, if ever, resurfaces.

But that’s no fun. The replacement players who capture a certain kind of imagination are those who prove capable of an unlikely longevity—the players who year after year perform no better than a host of equally available (and after some time has elapsed, less expensive) alternatives, but nonetheless continue to get the call, mainly by virtue of having answered one previously. With that in mind, I asked Rob McQuown to send me a list of players who satisfied the following conditions: the ideal candidate would have accumulated a minimum of 800 plate appearances over a span of at least five seasons, never exceeding WARP 1.0 in any single season, and finishing his career with 0 +/- 2 WARP (since all win value statistics contain some intrinsic measurement error, we needn’t put too fine a point on it).

A total of 236 players answered the personal ad Rob posted in our database, ranging from Chippy McGarr, who came into this world on the day that Stonewall Jackson left it after sustaining mortal wounds at the Battle of Chancellorsville, to Jarrod Saltalamacchia, who made his major-league debut all of three years ago. McEwing placed only 30th on the list, in terms of career plate appearances. Just as Hall of Fame voters evaluate each candidate’s peak value and career value, assessing whether a retired great was transcendent enough over a limited span or consistently valuable enough over a long enough period to merit enshrinement among the best of all time, I incorporated each candidate for replacement-level poster boy’s lack of peak value and lack of career value. There are no fading stars or developing rookies destined for greatness on this list; these guys were never much good, but they got the opportunity to stay bad at the highest level for quite some time (“Career Length” denotes the number of years that elapsed between a player’s rookie season and swan song): 

Name

PA

Career WARP

Peak Season WARP

Debut YR

Final YR

Career Length

Lee Stevens

3724

-0.5

0.7

1990

2002

12

Rollie Zeider

3688

-1.2

0.9

1910

1918

8

Chippy McGarr

3478

-1.7

0.8

1884

1896

12

Bob Dillinger

3201

0.9

0.8

1946

1951

5

Dale Sveum

2810

0.2

0.9

1986

1999

13

Abraham Nunez

2804

0.1

1

1997

2008

11

Tony Lupien

2645

0.7

0.7

1940

1948

8

Denny Hocking

2632

-0.8

0.9

1993

2005

12

Daryle Ward

2462

-1.9

1

1998

2008

10

Mario Guerrero

2414

0.4

0.8

1973

1980

7

Phil Roof

2404

-1.7

1

1961

1977

16

Butch Henline

2382

1.6

1

1921

1931

10

Carlos Garcia

2359

-1

1

1990

1999

9

Bert Niehoff

2247

-1.9

0.9

1913

1918

5

Eric Anthony

2243

-1.8

0.4

1989

1997

8

Chris Cannizzaro

2240

-1.1

0.9

1960

1974

14

Harry Blake

2178

-0.9

0.6

1894

1899

5

Howard Freigau

2176

-0.4

0.7

1922

1928

6

Evar Swanson

2162

0.9

1

1929

1934

5

John O'Brien

2141

-1.7

0.5

1891

1899

8

Terry Whitfield

2106

1

0.6

1974

1986

12

Herm Winningham

2069

-1.6

0.6

1984

1992

8

Johnny Burnett

2042

-0.5

0.7

1927

1935

8

Willie Bloomquist

2038

2

0.9

2002

2010

8

Alex Arias

2010

0.4

0.8

1992

2002

10

Hosken Powell

1993

-1.5

0.7

1978

1983

5

Dick Buckley

1974

1.9

1

1888

1895

7

George Perring

1969

-0.2

0.9

1908

1915

7

Joe McEwing

1963

-0.4

1

1998

2006

8

Jake Flowers

1946

0.9

0.8

1923

1934

11

With all due respect to the major-league service of the likes of McGarr, Harry Blake, and John O’Brien, 19th-century replacement players aren’t likely to capture the 21st-century imagination, Steven Goldman aside. Lee Stevens makes a competitive case, leading the pack in plate appearances, but it seems somehow unsporting to settle on a player who was, for a period of at least a few seasons, a starter. Of course, he didn’t deserve to be; like many a player on this list, Stevens’ staying power owed a debt to mismanagement, as the turn-of-the-century Rangers and Expos failed to realize that 20 homers does not necessarily a valuable first baseman make. Let’s take a look at the leading candidates whose final seasons in the majors came no earlier than 1990:

Name

PA

Total WARP

MAX WARP

Debut YR

Final YR

Career Length

Lee Stevens

3724

-0.5

0.7

1990

2002

12

Dale Sveum

2810

0.2

0.9

1986

1999

13

Abraham Nunez

2804

0.1

1

1997

2008

11

Denny Hocking

2632

-0.8

0.9

1993

2005

12

Daryle Ward

2462

-1.9

1

1998

2008

10

Carlos Garcia

2359

-1

1

1990

1999

9

Eric Anthony

2243

-1.8

0.4

1989

1997

8

Herm Winningham

2069

-1.6

0.6

1984

1992

8

Willie Bloomquist

2038

2

0.9

2002

2010

8

Alex Arias

2010

0.4

0.8

1992

2002

10

Joe McEwing

1963

-0.4

1

1998

2006

8

Carlos Febles

1893

-1.7

0.4

1998

2003

5

James Mouton

1795

-1.1

0.5

1994

2001

7

Dave Berg

1781

-0.7

1

1998

2004

6

Brendan Harris

1759

-0.8

0.5

2004

2010

6

Jerald Clark

1728

-0.8

0.8

1988

1995

7

Randall Simon

1717

-1.4

0.5

1997

2006

9

Carmen Castillo

1640

-1

0.8

1982

1991

9

Andy Allanson

1633

-0.7

0.8

1986

1995

9


Sveum is a competitive candidate: the man hit .236/.298/.378 over the course of 12 seasons, though perhaps I’m biased as a result of my toxic exposure to his late-career play during my formative years. Each of us remembers the visceral experience of watching our first replacement player (even if we wouldn’t have thought of him in such terms at the time); though subsequent replacement players may eclipse the initial one’s transgressions, the frustration of watching the first never fades, and in certain cases, one may find it necessary to start a website to exorcise the lingering psychological wounds.  

Abraham Nunez has the advantage of coming closest to zeroing out; that has to count for something, sizeable error bars aside. Like Sveum, Denny Hocking also endured for 12 seasons, manning seven different positions for portions of at least seven of them, while putting up a .251/.310/.344 line during a historically offensive era. Daryle Ward deserves credit for never succeeding in posting a league-average OPS in any season in which he received more than 150 plate appearances, despite spending all of his time at offense-first positions. Herm Winningham has an ironic surname in his favor. Beyond that, most of the names blend into a bland sea of mediocrity, though each has his special failures to recommend him.

All of this deliberation may soon prove academic, thanks to one particular name on the list. Only 32, currently enjoying his best offensive season (which, as I probably don’t have to tell you, isn’t saying much), and recently traded to a contending team, where he’ll provide the same ability to play nearly every position adequately while hitting not a lick (.264/.316/.337 career, with a grand total of 13 round trippers) that he’s offered to each of his previous employers, Bloomquist could vault over Winningham by the end of this season, and take aim at the next couple of names above him in 2011.

Only once (last season) has Bloomquist managed to garner more than 300 plate appearances, and with good reason; he semi-famously managed only a single extra-base hit (a double) in 192 plate appearances with Seattle in 2008. With the Reds stretched thin, Bloomquist has been called upon to do what he does best, though he doesn’t do even that very well: replace someone else. Making a career out of filling in for others isn’t glamorous, but it’s not bad work if you can get it, and major league GMs have thus far decreed that Bloomquist can. A player of Bloomquist’s talents can’t expect many accolades while active, but when the book on his career is closed, Bloomquist may be the best living, breathing example of a replacement-level player we can offer up to the unconverted. Wins Above Bloomquist, anyone?

Thank you for reading

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TangoTiger1
9/16
When I talk about replacement level, that's exactly my example:

[quote]You guys know how much I like the guy. He is the prototypical replacement-level player. I would even say we should change the name of Replacement Level to Bloomquist or Willie. It’s not WAR, but WAB or WOW (wins over willie). [/quote]

He also has the advantage of playing every position.
rselzer
9/16

It had to be Willie.
Arrian
9/16
As soon as I saw this, I figured Bloomquist would be the answer. Has to be. He's perfect.
fbraconi
9/16
Entertaining article, Ben. For the term to stick, it would have to be catchy, which would seem to argue for the "Hocking Line," the "Roof Line" or the "Cannazarro Line." But to be a true replacement player, the player should have been freely available to any GM who needed him at almost any time. Hocking and Nunez and some others played almost their entire careers with the same team. Daryle Ward, though, was available as a free agent almost every year, and played for six teams in eleven seasons.
briankopec
9/16
4 of the top 13 players on this list (Sveum, Nunez, Ward, & Garcia) feature prominently in the never-ending Pirate losing streak. Perhaps WARP should be renamed Win Above Replacement Pirate.
asstarr1
9/16
My submissions:
Hocking Mass
WAR - Win(ingham)s Above Replacement

How is Nick Punto not on this list?
bornyank1
9/16
Depending on whom you ask, Punto has been worth between 3.5 and 10.1 wins. He's certainly played at replacement level (or below) in certain seasons, but overall, he's been--and I know this may come as a shock--too good.
aronf77
9/16
To make this perfect, I think you have to break this down further by offense, defense, and baserunning -- the perfect replacement player wouldn't be too far above or below replacement value in any of those categories. To be truly ideal, the player's badness on offense should be equally distributed among lack of power, lack of hitting for average, and lack of patience. Bloomquist, as an above-average baserunner with historically low power, isn't quite balanced enough to be the Perfect Replacement Player. I think McEwing's badness is quite a bit better distributed.
ddufourlogger
9/16
Never again will it ever be written that Nick Punto may have been TOO good.
walewander
9/16
I like the Hocking from a poetic standpoint, but I perceive him as too much of a scrappy guy (and too versatile) to serve as exemplar here.

I think the mediocrity of Dale Sveum peremeates his entire being, even standing out to this day (as a graduate of the Windmill Kim College of Third Base Coaching).
dianagramr
9/16
For what its worth, I annually name my Hacking Mass team "Hocking Maas", and my roto team this year was "Denny Hocking a LOOGY"

Great article ... I too would love to see this broken down ny fielding, offense, baserunning.
PLHirsch
9/16
We need something that rolls off the tongue for this to catch on. A WARP of zero can be called the Bloom Line and the search for a replacement player could be called the Quist Quest.
pobothecat
9/16
ha ha
gimbal
9/16
I'm not sure this matters, but I tend to think that putting a face to 'replacement player' means it should be a bench guy who can fill in barely tolerably at any position. In that sense, I'm all for Bloomquist or Hocking but would shy away from Sveum and Stevens.

To my mind, the only strike against Bloomquist is he is still an active player and could still get lucky and produce a season that is too good. This reservation may be overcome by the basic appeal of the "Wins Over Willie" acronym.
pobothecat
9/16
On the contrary, shouldn't he be basically the worst player still getting regular at bats? The guy just useful enough to be enticing, and just mediocre enough to be useless?
coachadams5
9/16
For some reason, when I think of replacement player, I think of Mark Teahen. I look at Willie Bloomquist as a player of last resort (a guy who's likely to be available to go in the game as a LF in the 16th inning when only pitchers remain on the bench) whereas Teahen actually, you know, started. Value Above Teahen (VAT)?
cwyers
9/16
I am so going to have to use "player of last resort" more often. What a wonderful way of putting it.
tbwhite
9/16
I think the tie-breaker should be the most traveled of these candidates, I mean who has played for the most teams. It just seems like a true replacement player would drift around the majors for a while. A guy like Hocking was with the Twins for a decade that implies that they at least thought he had some value. The iconic replacement player seems like he should always have his bags packed.
dianagramr
9/16
Oh, you mean the bizarro version of Gary Sheffield.
Oleoay
9/17
Since we're on the subject, if the definition of a replacement level player is the production level of a player that is available "for free", it makes me wonder how hard it actually is to acquire this type of player...

Bloomquist can barely hit and can stand around at a lot of positions, but there are quite a few players you can't even say that about.

How many people were worse than that? How many people had at least 800 plate appearances, never exceeded 1.0 WARP in a season, yet had a career WARP of less than -2? Are there some organizations who used more sub-replacement level players than others?
mbodell
9/17
Another interesting way to slice it might be to look at salaries and see how many $ over league minimum our candidates have received. While it might not be their fault if someone over paid them, being the freely-available-talent suggests that these guys should nearly always be paid at, or very close, to league minimum.
theduke11
9/18
how does aaron miles not make this list?
drawbb
9/19
Sveum has to be out the running just on general principle. He did in fact have a 25 HR season in the rabbit-ball year of 1987, which is a hell of a lot more valuable than anything Bloomquist or Hocking could ever contribute in any Monte Carlo simulation.