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Like most sports fans, over time I’ve developed a love/hate relationship with the concept of free agency.  Since I happen to root for a team that’s seemingly gone a galactic year since last winning a title, the idea of getting something for nothing (since it’s not my money being spent) and adding a player for “free” is a powerful one.  From an entertainment perspective there’s something to be said for the off-season interest that the annual free agent feeding frenzy engenders, while on a sociopolitical level it’s hard to argue with the concept of a worker bargaining his own worth on the open market.

And yet … tonight, when LeBron James completes his short-term benign takeover of the ESPN airwaves to reveal his closely-guarded secret (my money’s on him declaring that he is, in fact, Iron Man), we’ll see everything that’s wrong with free agency on full display: rampant egotism, overexposure, and the despair and panic of teams and fans who wind up without a seat when the music stops.  Whether James signs up for a Superfriends squad in Miami, stays in Cleveland, or goes somewhere else, there will be several jilted suitors tempted to throw unreasonable sums of money at lesser players, because they have it and because they want to look like they’re doing something.  It’s those front office decisions, the ones made out of the desire to seem “active,” that can cripple a franchise through long-term obligations to mid-level talent.  Instead of getting something for nothing, those teams wind up paying something for nothing.

All of this got me to thinking about last winter’s baseball free agent crop, which, like this year’s NBA pool, was also generally considered to have three top players—Matt Holliday, Jason Bay and John Lackey—thought to be considerably better than the rest.  None of the top three were superstars, but with the supply of top-notch free-agent talent so tight they were able to cash in, leaving dozens of other teams with fistfuls of cash to shower on a number of lesser players.  At the time, our old friend Joe Sheehan opined that GMs should realize there was little point in sorting through the over-priced to-may-toes and to-mah-toes available to them, and would be best served if they just called the whole thing off.  Of course, that’s not what happened—while teams have wisely stopped handing out long-term megadeals like college band flyers, every franchise with a hole to file and money to spend dutifully wrote out large checks to a rogue’s gallery of aging and/or injury-riddled veteran free agents.

Now that we’re essentially halfway through the season, I was curious as to how these investments have performed so far.  Have the Big Three earned their keep, and is the oft-troublesome next tier becoming an asset or a liability?

 

Most Expensive Free Agent Signings, 2009-10 Offseason

Player

Signed By

Years

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win*

Matt Holliday

Cardinals

7

$17,142,857

4.8

$1.79 M

Jason Bay

Mets

4

$16,500,000

2.8

$2.95 M

John Lackey

Red Sox

5

$16,500,000

1.1

$7.50 M

Andy Pettitte

Yankees

1

$11,750,000

2.4

$2.45 M

Adrian Beltre

Red Sox

1

$10,000,000

5.8

$0.86 M

Ben Sheets

Athletics

1

$10,000,000

-0.3

$10.00 M

Randy Wolf

Brewers

3

$9,916,667

2.1

$2.36 M

Chone Figgins

Mariners

4

$9,000,000

-0.4

$9.00 M

Joel Pineiro

Angels

2

$8,000,000

2.2

$1.82 M

Johnny Damon

Tigers

1

$8,000,000

1.7

$2.35 M

*For players with < 1.0 WARP, calculated using 1.0 WARP to avoid klugy numbers

 

Here we see the 10 players who took home the largest prizes from last winter’s free agent extravaganza, ranked by their average annual salary, and listing the WARP3 (all-time flavor) they’ve earned so far in 2010.  The “Dollars Per Win” column is a rough metric to give some idea of value—it’s Salary/(WARP x 2), i.e., how much each win above replacement will cost if the player continues to accumulate WARP at his current rate for the rest of the year.

As Jay Jaffe, Chair of BP’s Liberal Arts Wing, accurately predicted last fall, Holliday’s glove has helped make him a much better value so far than Bay, while the usually-reliable Lackey has struggled to earn his pay.  In the next tier, Adrian Beltre’s Fenway revival has provided by far the biggest boost to his team, while of the three players who received multi-year contracts, only one seems to be worthy of the money so far.  Everyone knows Chone Figgins has been a sub-replacement disaster so far in Seattle, while Randy Wolf’s WARP belies his indifferent peripherals—click on his 5.16 SIERA and you’ll hear klaxons going off.  Surprisingly, former Dave Duncan protégé Joel Pineiro has posted a 3.93 SIERA in Anaheim, but experience tells us we should still expect the Pitching Wizard’s spell to end long before Pineiro’s contract does.

All in all, this is a pretty uninspiring list, with the few big hits (Beltre and Holliday) offset by a few big misses (Figgins, Lackey and the struggling Ben Sheets).  Thankfully, many of these are one-year contracts, with only the three-year deal given to Wolf looking like it might become a  long-term liability.  If the highest earners aren’t all providing solid production, who from last winter’s free agent class have been?

 

Most Productive 2009-10 Free Agent Signees, 2010 Season

Player

Signed By

Years

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Adrian Beltre

Red Sox

1

$10,000,000

5.8

$0.86 M

Aubrey Huff

Giants

1

$3,000,000

5.1

$0.29 M

Matt Holliday

Cardinals

7

$17,142,857

4.8

$1.79 M

Miguel Olivo

Rockies

1

$2,500,000

4.8

$0.26 M

Alex Gonzalez

Blue Jays

1

$2,750,000

4.6

$0.30 M

Billy Wagner

Braves

1

$7,000,000

3.7

$0.95 M

Livan Hernandez

Nationals

1

$900,000

3.5

$0.13 M

Jose Valverde

Tigers

2

$7,000,000

3.2

$1.09 M

Carl Pavano

Twins

1

$7,000,000

3.2

$2.33 M

Placido Polanco

Phillies

3

$6,000,000

3.0

$1.00 M

 

Of the high-income set, only Beltre and Holliday place in the overall top 10 in WARP—none of the second tier do.  I’ve written about the bounceback season of Aubrey Huff before, and it’s been a godsend to his club; while a 5.1 midseason WARP3 is impressive, it’s Huff’s off-the-charts WARG-C (Wins Over Replacement Giant Cornermen) that has had a San Francisco fan base used to “offensive” production howling with delight.  Next in line is Miguel Olivo, who was generally viewed as a mistake signing that would only take playing time from the younger (and better) Chris Iannetta.  Instead, you can find him perched between Albert Pujols and Scott Rolen on the WARP leaderboard.  Olivo’s always had power, and posting a randomly high batting average in Coors Field isn’t such a big surprise, but who would have expected him to suddenly almost double his walk rate at the age of 32?  The Rockies, apparently, and if he can keep up his cut-rate Gene Tenace impression, he’ll still be an asset when his batting average inevitably starts to slip.

Livan Hernandez has been the most productive starter signed in the offseason, and his $900,000 salary makes him this year’s biggest bargain.  So far: when last we peeked under his hood, Livan was sporting a 5.53 SIERA and a 1.62 ERA in late May.  At midseason, his ERA is now 3.12, while his SIERA is 4.94—one might say he’s pitched better and gotten worse results.  Expect the “getting worse results” part, at least, to continue.  In the meantime, we can refer to the fact that Hernandez and Carl Pavano have been the most productive free agent starter signings as Reason No. 2,845 why the unpredictability of baseball is a gift that keeps on giving.

Only time will tell, but at a glance, it looks like last year’s free agent signings didn’t result in a large number of regrettable contracts handed out to the second tier of free agents by clubs who were jilted by the biggest names.  It’s a nice reminder to those of us who notice things like leadoff hitters with low OBPs, closers not being used in tied games, and Jason Kendall’s multi-year contract with a rebuilding franchise, that baseball front offices continue to make smarter decisions and that good ideas usually win in the end.  I just hope that when Stephen Strasburg signs his first free agent contact, he won’t be allowed to preempt all Internet traffic worldwide to webcast the announcement.

*****

Since I have the numbers in front of me, for those that may be interested I’m listing below (with little comment) the five biggest 2009-10 free agent contracts by position grouping:

 

Corner Infielder

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Adrian Beltre

Red Sox

$10,000,000

5.8

$0.86 M

Chone Figgins

Mariners

$9,000,000

-0.4

$9.00 M

Placido Polanco

Phillies

$6,000,000

3.0

$1.00 M

Miguel Tejada

Orioles

$6,000,000

0.5

$6.00 M

Adam LaRoche

Diamondbacks

$6,000,000

1.0

$6.00 M

 

The “Seriously?” award goes to the money that Baltimore shelled out to watch Garrett Atkins put up a .214/.276/.286 line.  Sure, you need someone to catch throws from the other infielders, but anyone can do that—and if I had $4.5 million to just throw away, you can be sure I’d get me a Bugatti Type 51 instead.

 

Middle Infielder

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Marco Scutaro

Red Sox

$6,250,000

2.0

$1.56 M

OrlandoHudson

Twins

$5,000,000

3.0

$0.83 M

Juan Uribe

Giants

$3,250,000

1.7

$0.96 M

OrlandoCabrera

Reds

$3,020,000

-0.8

$3.02 M

Kelly Johnson

Diamondbacks

$2,350,000

2.0

$2.35 M

 

Scutaro has managed to stay healthy and be an asset for the Red Sox, but the man he replaced, Alex Gonzalez, has broken out his power bat in Toronto and posted the highest WARP of all AL shortstops.  He’s still making outs by the truckload, but with a solid glove and all those home runs in the bank he’s already more than earned his money this year.  Who’dathunk?

 

Corner Outfielder

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Matt Holliday

Cardinals

$17,142,857

4.8

$1.79 M

JasonBay

Mets

$16,500,000

2.8

$2.95 M

Mark DeRosa

Giants

$6,000,000

-0.8

$6.00 M

Xavier Nady

Cubs

$3,300,000

-0.9

$3.30 M

Scott Podsednik

Royals

$1,750,000

2.2

$0.40 M

 

Austin Kearns, with a 2.6 WARP for $750,000, trails only Holliday and Bay and has been the biggest outfield bargain.

 

Center Field

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Mike Cameron

Red Sox

$7,750,000

-0.4

$7.75 M

Coco Crisp

Athletics

$5,250,000

1.1

$2.39 M

Marlon Byrd

Cubs

$5,000,000

2.9

$0.86 M

Rick Ankiel

Royals

$3,250,000

-0.1

$3.25 M

Randy Winn

Yankees

$1,100,000

-0.5

$1.10 M

 

The Cubs are on the hook for two more years of Marlon Byrd, but so far he’s been a steal.  If I would have told you last January (and trust me, I didn’t—far from it) that Byrd and Carlos Silva would both be nearly three-win players through half a season, would you have thought the Cubs would be 10 games under .500?

 

Catcher

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Bengie Molina

Giants

$4,500,000

-0.9

$4.50 M

Ivan Rodriguez

Nationals

$3,000,000

2.4

$0.63 M

Jason Kendall

Royals

$3,000,000

-0.6

$3.00 M

Miguel Olivo

Rockies

$2,500,000

4.8

$0.26 M

Gregg Zaun

Brewers

$2,150,000

0.9

$2.15 M

 

If Bengie Molina is the answer, I don’t really want to know the question, at least until we have a better way to quantify catcher defense and veteran gravitas.

 

DH

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

Dollars Per Win

Johnny Damon

Tigers

$8,000,000

1.7

$2.35 M

Hideki Matsui

Angels

$6,500,000

0.2

$6.50 M

Nick Johnson

Yankees

$5,750,000

0.0

$5.75 M

Vladimir Guerrero

Rangers

$5,000,000

2.9

$0.86 M

Jim Thome

Twins

$1,500,000

2.2

$0.34 M

 

I can’t wait for “The Club” to start airing, as I hope to see Ozzie and Kenny discuss why the White Sox (.225/.298/.385 from the DH position) decided to let Jim Thome sign with their archrivals in the Twin Cities (.256/.365/.469 from the DH position).  I’m expecting a calm, rational discussion.

 

Starting Pitcher

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

$Million/Win

John Lackey

Red Sox

$16,500,000

1.1

$7.50 M

Andy Pettitte

Yankees

$11,750,000

2.4

$2.45 M

Ben Sheets

Athletics

$10,000,000

-0.3

$10.00 M

Randy Wolf

Brewers

$9,916,667

2.1

$2.36 M

Joel Pineiro

Angels

$8,000,000

2.2

$1.82 M

 

Colby Lewis and his 2.4 WARP for $2.5 million is the second-best bargain among newly-signed starters.

 

Relief Pitcher

Signed By

Annualized $

WARP3

$Million/Win

Rafael Soriano

Rays

$7,250,000

2.8

$1.29 M

Billy Wagner

Braves

$7,000,000

3.7

$0.95 M

Jose Valverde

Tigers

$7,000,000

3.2

$1.09 M

Mike Gonzalez

Orioles

$6,000,000

-1.3

$6.00 M

Fernando Rodney

Angels

$5,500,000

1.2

$2.29 M

 

Between Atkins, Miggy and Mike Gonzalez, the Orioles budgeted $16.5 million and have so far received minus-2.7 WARP. Ouch.

Thank you for reading

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oneofthem
7/08
since baseball is probably not going to be capped by then, strasburg's announcement would probably not be that dramatic.
ScottBehson
7/08
You refer to players, like Arkins, not in your charts... is this an oversight?
kenfunck
7/08
Not really. I just published the top 5 by position group by salary in case you wanted to see that, but I also realized there were other guys of note (good or bad) like Atkins, Kearns, and Colby Lewis that were worth mentioning but weren't in the list.
ericmvan
7/08
It's worth noting that WARP3 is not a measure of actual value, but a measure of value assuming a neutral distribution of events relative to game leverage*. After prorating this year, Lackey over the last three seasons is averaging 1.0 win of actual value (based on WPA) per year more than his WARP3. It may be luck, but he may also be saving his bullets for high-lev situations.

*And it's based on rate components for hitters when it could just as easily be based on change in run expectancy, while the opposite is true for pitchers.
flirgendorf
7/08
It looks like there is a bug in the $/win numbers. Some players seem to have the number multiplied by 2 (effect of pro-rating for the year?), while others don't.
kenfunck
7/08
You're correct that I'm dividing by 2xWARP to prorate for a full season, but there are two errors that I can see:

Kelly Johnson $0.59 M (keying error)
Gregg Zaun $1.19 M (coding error)

For anyone with a WARP under 1, I just divided the salary by 1 -- I made a note of this in the first chart, but not in the later ones. I did this to avoid the klugy results that would occur if you divide salaries by a negative WARP, or by a WARP under 1.0 (i.e., if you have a $5M salary and earn 0.1 WARP, you'd get $50M dollars/WARP). The coding error for Zaun was that I should have divided the salary by 1 for players with a WARP under 0.5 (which prorates to 1 for a full season). Zaun's 0.9 WARP should have resulted in his salary being divided by 1.8, resulting in $1.19 M per win.

Obviously these are cocktail napkin calculations meant for entertainment purposes only.
MikeNeft
7/08
Kelly Johnson dollars/win is incorrect.
LynchMob
7/08
Jon Garland has turned out to be a good signing by the Padres ... I'm surprised he doesn't get a mention in your article ...

http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/garlajo01.shtml
kenfunck
7/08
Couldn't mention everyone, but yes, he's been Jon Garland, which has its uses. SIERA isn't bullish on him (4.57), but he's certainly earned his keep.

Here's a more complete listing of the top FA WARP performers so far this year (not sure how it will format):

Corner Infield

Adrian Beltre $10M, 5.8 WARP
Aubrey Huff $3M, 5.1 WARP
Placido Polanco $6M, 3.0 WARP
Russell Branyan $2M, 2.9 WARP
Troy Glaus $1.75M, 1.2 WARP


Middle Infield

Alex Gonzalez $2.75M, 4.6 WARP
Orlando Hudson $5.0M, 3.0 WARP
Jamey Carroll $1.925M, 2.3 WARP
Marco Scutaro $6.25M, 2.0 WARP
Kelly Johnson $2.35M, 2.0 WARP
Juan Uribe $3.25M, 1.7 WARP


Corner Outfield

Matt Holliday $17.14M, 4.8 WARP
Jason Bay $16.5M, 2.9 WARP
Austin Kearns $0.75M, 2.6 WARP
Scotty Pods $1.75M, 2.2 WARP
Eric Hinske $1.0M , 1.5 WARP


Center Field

Marlon Byrd $5.0M 2.9 WARP
Coco Crisp $5.25M, 1.1 WARP
Jim Edmonds $0.5M, 1.1 WARP
Rick Ankiel $3.25M, -0.1 WARP
Mike Cameron $7.75M, -0.4 WARP


Catcher

Miguel Olivo $2.5M, 4.8 WARP
Jose Molina $0.4M, 2.7 WARP
Ivan Rodriguez $3.0M, 2.4 WARP
Henry Blanco $0.78M, 2.1 WARP
John Buck $2.0M, 1.2 WARP


DH

Vlad Guerrero $5.0M, 2.9 WARP
Jim Thome $1.5M, 2.2 WARP
Johnny Damon $8.0M, 1.7 WARP
Jack Cust $2.7M, 1.2 WARP
Mike Sweeney $0.5M, 0.6 WARP
Hideki Matsui $6.5M, 0.2 WARP
Nick Johnson $5.58M, 0.0 WARP, 1 OWIE


SP

Livan Hernandez $0.9M, 3.5 WARP
Carl Pavano $7.0M, 3.0 WARP
Andy Pettitte $11.8M, 2.4 WARP
Colby Lewis $2.5M, 2.4 WARP
Joel Pineiro $8.0M, 2.2 WARP
Randy Wolf $9.9M, 2.1 WARP
Jon Garland $5.3M, 2.1 WARP
Brett Myers $5.1M, 1.9 WARP
John Lackey $16.5M, 1.1 WARP
Brad Penny $7.5M, 0.8 WARP


RP

Billy Wagner $7.0M, 3.7 WARP
Jose Valverde $7.0M, 3.2 WARP
Rafael Soriano $7.3M, 2.8 WARP
J.J. Putz $3.0M, 2.6 WARP
Brandon Lyon $5.0M, 1.6 WARP
Bruce Chen $0.5M, 1.4 WARP
Jose Contreras $1.5M, 1.3 WARP
Fernando Rodney $5.5M, 1.2 WARP
Elmer Dessens $0.5M, 1.1 WARP
Javier Lopez $0.8M, 0.9 WARP
LynchMob
7/08
Thanks! Wouldn't have guessed that Garland's WARP would be that much lower than Livan's ...
irussma
7/08
Evidently signing a center fielder as a free agent is just an all-around bad idea. Only 3 positive WARPs in the whole class... ouch.

Granted, that wasn't a terribly strong class to begin with. Still, you'd expect players like Ankiel and Cameron to be at least above replacement level.
pobothecat
7/09
I feel like I owe Brian Sabean and Aubrey Huff an apology.
flakes98
7/23
Well, yeah, maybe it has been a galactic year since the Cubs took home a title; but if they hire Harrison Ford to replace Lupine Ella, he’ll have them winning the World Series in less than 12 parsecs.